Information for healthcare professionals 

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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS): Summary and Study Recruitment

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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are the most commonly used image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs), with a global prevalence of 6.4% in men and 1.6% in women—and rates are increasing. AAS use is linked to a threefold increase in mortality and can affect multiple organ systems, including reproductive, cardiovascular, hepatic, and psychiatric health.

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One of the key complications in men is Anabolic Steroid-Induced Hypogonadism (ASIH), caused by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Symptoms of ASIH—such as infertility, erectile dysfunction, depression, and suicidal ideation—can persist for months to years and are can be severe enough to prompt relapse into AAS use. Many men attempt Post Cycle Therapy (PCT), a non-evidence-based approach using agents like hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin), selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and aromatase inhibitors to restore hormonal function.

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Despite the severity of symptoms, no standardised guidelines exist for ASIH management, leading to variability in clinical care. AAS users are often hesitant to disclose their use to healthcare professionals due to stigma and perceived lack of clinician knowledge. As a result, many rely on peer networks and online forums for information.

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We are also investigating AAS effects in women, where reported side effects include menstrual irregularities, infertility, hirsutism, voice deepening, and clitoromegaly (the latter two potentially irreversible). Current data is limited, with few large-scale studies.

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Current Research at Imperial College London

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Our research group, led by Professor Channa Jayasena, is conducting ethically approved studies investigating the effects of AAS in both men and women.

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If you know someone who may be eligible and interested in either study, please contact us via email or using the form below.

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